VAT Calculator — add or remove VAT at any rate
Add VAT to a net price, or work backwards from a gross price to find the VAT hiding inside it. Standard rates for 60 countries are built in, or type your own.
Also known as: Reverse VAT Calculator · VAT Remover · Add VAT Calculator · GST Calculator · Sales Tax Calculator UK · TVA Calculator
Add or remove VAT
Pick a country for its standard rate, or enter your own. Reduced rates for food, books and similar are not applied automatically.
The net price you want to charge.
VAT
Net (excl. tax)
£1,000.00
VAT at 20%
£200.00
Gross (incl. tax)
£1,200.00
Standard VAT rates compared
Sorted highest to lowest. Standard rates only — most countries apply reduced rates to essentials.
| Country | Rate | Called |
|---|---|---|
| Hungary | 27% | VAT (ÁFA) |
| Finland | 25.5% | VAT (ALV) |
| Croatia | 25% | VAT (PDV) |
| Denmark | 25% | VAT (moms) |
| Sweden | 25% | VAT (moms) |
| Estonia | 24% | VAT (KM) |
| Greece | 24% | VAT (ΦΠΑ) |
| Ireland | 23% | VAT |
| Poland | 23% | VAT (PTU) |
| Portugal | 23% | VAT (IVA) |
| Slovakia | 23% | VAT (DPH) |
| Italy | 22% | VAT (IVA) |
| Slovenia | 22% | VAT (DDV) |
| Belgium | 21% | VAT (BTW/TVA) |
| Czechia | 21% | VAT (DPH) |
| Latvia | 21% | VAT (PVN) |
| Lithuania | 21% | VAT (PVM) |
| Netherlands | 21% | VAT (BTW) |
| Romania | 21% | VAT (TVA) |
| Spain | 21% | VAT (IVA) |
| Austria | 20% | VAT (USt) |
| Bulgaria | 20% | VAT (ДДС) |
| France | 20% | VAT (TVA) |
| Cyprus | 19% | VAT (ΦΠΑ) |
| Germany | 19% | VAT (MwSt) |
| Malta | 18% | VAT (VAT) |
| Luxembourg | 17% | VAT (TVA) |
Rates that moved recently
- Finland raised its standard VAT from 24% to 25.5% in September 2024.
- Slovakia raised its standard VAT from 20% to 23% in January 2025.
- Estonia raised its standard VAT from 22% to 24% in July 2025.
- Romania raised its standard VAT from 19% to 21% in August 2025.
- Israel raised its standard VAT from 17% to 18% in January 2025.
- Indonesia raised its standard VAT from 11% to 12% in January 2025.
Standard rates verified as of 2026-01-01. Rates change on legislative timelines — confirm with the tax authority before filing.
Removing VAT is not the same as subtracting it
This is the mistake that puts wrong numbers on real invoices. If a price is £120 including 20% VAT, the VAT is not £24. Subtracting 20% of the gross gives you £96, but the correct net is £100 and the VAT is £20. You divide by 1.20 — you do not multiply by 0.80.
The reason is that VAT is charged on the net, not on the gross. The 20% was added to £100 to reach £120, so the £20 of tax is 20% of the net but only 16.67% of the gross. Any time you are handed a tax-inclusive figure and need the tax out of it, you are dividing.
The gap grows with the rate. At Hungary's 27% the naive subtraction is out by more than 8% of the invoice value, which is the difference between a correct VAT return and one that gets corrected for you. This calculator shows the error in cash next to the right answer so you can see the size of it.
Standard rates only. Most countries charge reduced rates on food, books, childrens clothing, medicine and passenger transport, and some zero-rate exports entirely. A calculator that guessed which category your sale falls into would be worse than one that asks — so pick the rate if yours is not the standard one.
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Frequently asked questions
How do I remove VAT from a price?
Divide the gross price by 1 plus the rate as a decimal. At 20% VAT you divide by 1.20, so £120 gross is £100 net with £20 of VAT. Do not subtract 20% from the gross — that gives £96 and is wrong by £4.
How do I add VAT to a price?
Multiply the net price by 1 plus the rate as a decimal. At 20%, £100 net becomes £120 gross. This direction is the intuitive one, which is part of why the reverse trips people up.
What is the current UK VAT rate?
The UK standard rate is 20%, unchanged since January 2011. There is a reduced 5% rate for things like domestic energy and childrens car seats, and a 0% rate on most food, books and childrens clothing. This tool uses standard rates by default.
Which country has the highest VAT?
Hungary, at 27% — the highest standard VAT rate in the world. Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Croatia all sit at 25%, and Finland raised its rate to 25.5% in September 2024. Luxembourg has the EU's lowest standard rate at 17%.
Is VAT the same as sales tax?
No. VAT is collected at every stage of the supply chain with businesses reclaiming what they paid on inputs, so only the final consumer bears it. US sales tax is charged once, at the final sale. The arithmetic of adding and removing them is identical, but the compliance is not.
Are these rates current?
They are standard rates verified as of the date shown on the page, and rates change on legislative timelines — usually 1 January. Several moved recently: Finland to 25.5%, Slovakia to 23%, Estonia to 24%, Romania to 21%. Check with the tax authority before filing.
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